django搭建BBS 表單創建&註冊 0824自我總結文件結構 app 介面 migrations _\_inint\_\_.py admin.py apps.py bbsform.py models.py tests.py views.py avatar BBS \_\_inint\_\_.p ...

django搭建BBS-表單創建&註冊

0824自我總結

文件結構

app 介面
- migrations
- __inint__.py
- admin.py 管理員頁面註冊表單用
- apps.py
- bbsform.py form組件相關設置
- models.py 模型存放
- tests.py
- views.py 業務邏輯
avatar 圖片文件存儲
BBS 項目名稱以及路由存放
- __inint__.py
- settings.py
- urls.py
- wsgi.py
static
- bootstrap-3.3.7-dist bootstrap文件網上下載的
- jquery-3.4.1.min.js jq文件
templates 頁面文件存放

一.django相關設置

settings.py

"""
Django settings for BBS project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.11.22.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 's0x+v@gqeoxs4ruj58cq5&*5#7on_h$n4-$hwb3cr&h(@qcmoc'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app.apps.AppConfig',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'BBS.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'BBS.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS=(
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),
)

#因為我創建模型的時候用到了user的類
AUTH_USER_MODEL='app.Userinfo'

二.模型的創建&管理頁面註冊

models.py

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser


class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    # 頭像：FileField文件（varchar類型），default：預設值，upload_to上傳的路徑
    avatar = models.FileField(upload_to='avatar/', default='avatar/default.png')
    #跟blog表一對一
    #OneToOneField本質就是ForeignKey，只不過有個唯一性約束
    blog = models.OneToOneField(to='Blog', to_field='nid',null=True)
    # blog = models.ForeignKey(to='Blog', to_field='nid',null=True,unique=True)

    class Meta:
        # db_table='xxxx'
        # 在admin中顯示的表名
        verbose_name='用戶表'
        #去掉  用戶表  後的s
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

class Blog(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    #站點名稱
    title = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    #站點副標題
    site_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    #不同人不同主題
    theme = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.site_name
#分類表
class Category(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    #分類名稱
    title = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    #跟博客是一對多的關係，關聯欄位寫在多的一方
    #to  是跟哪個表關聯   to_field跟表中的哪個欄位做關聯， null=True 表示可以為空
    blog = models.ForeignKey(to='Blog', to_field='nid', null=True)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class Tag(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    #標簽名字
    title = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    # 跟博客是一對多的關係，關聯欄位寫在多的一方
    blog = models.ForeignKey(to='Blog', to_field='nid', null=True)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class Article(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    #verbose_name在admin中顯示該欄位的中文
    title = models.CharField(max_length=64,verbose_name='文章標題')
    #文章摘要
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    #文章內容  大文本
    content = models.TextField()
    #DateTimeField 年月日時分秒（註意跟datafield的區別）
    #auto_now_add=True:插入數據會存入當前時間
    #auto_now=True  修改數據會存入當前時間
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    commit_num=models.IntegerField(default=0)
    up_num=models.IntegerField(default=0)
    down_num=models.IntegerField(default=0)
#一對多的關係
    blog = models.ForeignKey(to='Blog', to_field='nid', null=True)
    # 一對多的關係
    category = models.ForeignKey(to='Category', to_field='nid', null=True)
    #多對多關係  through_fields  不能寫反了：
    tag = models.ManyToManyField(to='Tag', through='ArticleTOTag', through_fields=('article', 'tag'))
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title+'----'+self.blog.userinfo.username

class ArticleTOTag(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    article = models.ForeignKey(to='Article', to_field='nid')
    tag = models.ForeignKey(to='Tag', to_field='nid')

class Commit(models.Model):
    #誰對那篇文章評論了什麼內容
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    user = models.ForeignKey(to='UserInfo', to_field='nid')
    article = models.ForeignKey(to='Article', to_field='nid')
    content = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    #評論時間
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    #自關聯（）
    parent = models.ForeignKey(to='self', to_field='nid',null=True,blank=True)

class UpAndDown(models.Model):
    #誰對那篇文章點贊或點踩
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    user = models.ForeignKey(to='UserInfo', to_field='nid')
    article = models.ForeignKey(to='Article', to_field='nid')
    #布爾類型，本質也還是0和1
    is_up = models.BooleanField()

    class Meta:
        #聯合唯一，一個用戶只能給一片文章點贊或點踩
        unique_together = (('user', 'article'),)

admin.py

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.
#先導入模型
from app import models

#註冊表
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)
admin.site.register(models.Blog)
admin.site.register(models.Category)
admin.site.register(models.Tag)
admin.site.register(models.Article)
admin.site.register(models.ArticleTOTag)
admin.site.register(models.Commit)
admin.site.register(models.UpAndDown)

三.路由

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
#主路由導入視圖內函數
from app import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^register/', views.register),
]

四.form組件


from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets

from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

from app import models
#寫一個類，繼承Form  沒有頭像校驗的欄位
class Register(forms.Form):
    username=forms.CharField(max_length=18,min_length=3,label="用戶名",
                         error_messages={'max_length':'太長了',
                                         'min_length':'太短了',
                                         'required':'不能為空'},
                            widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}),
                         )
    password=forms.CharField(max_length=18,min_length=3,label="密碼",
                         error_messages={'max_length':'太長了',
                                         'min_length':'太短了',
                                         'required':'不能為空'},
                            widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}),
                         )
    re_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=18,min_length=3,label="確認密碼",
                         error_messages={'max_length':'太長了',
                                         'min_length':'太短了',
                                         'required':'不能為空'},
                            widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}),
                         )
    email=forms.EmailField(max_length=18,min_length=3,label="郵箱",
                         error_messages={'max_length':'太長了',
                                         'min_length':'太短了',
                                         'required':'不能為空'},
                            widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}),
                         )
    #局部鉤子，局部校驗
    def clean_username(self):
        #取出name對應的值
        name=self.cleaned_data.get('username')
        # if name.startswith('sb'):
        #     #校驗不通過，拋異常
        #     raise ValidationError('不能以sb開頭')
        #     #校驗通過，直接return name值
        # else:
        #     return name
        user=models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=name).first()
        if user:
            #用戶存在，拋異常
            raise ValidationError('用戶已經存在')
        else:
            return name
    #全局鉤子，全局校驗

    def clean(self):
        pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('password')
        r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('re_pwd')
        if pwd==r_pwd:
            #校驗通過，返回清洗後的數據
            return self.cleaned_data
        else:
            #校驗不通過，拋異常
            raise ValidationError('兩次密碼不一致')

五.業務邏輯&html頁面

1.業務邏輯

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from django.http import JsonResponse
#Image導入
#ImageDraw在圖片上寫字
#ImageFont 寫字的格式
from PIL import Image,ImageDraw,ImageFont
import random
# 相當於把文件以byte格式存到記憶體中
from io import BytesIO

from django.contrib import auth

from app.bbsforms import Register
from app import models

from django.db.models import Count
from django.db.models.functions import TruncMonth
from django.db.models import F





# Create your views here.
def register(request):
    if request.method=='GET':
        form=Register()
        return render(request,'register.html',{'form':form})
    elif request.is_ajax():
        response={'code':100,'msg':None}
        form = Register(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            #校驗通過的數據
            clean_data=form.cleaned_data
            #把re_pwd剔除
            clean_data.pop('re_pwd')
            #取出頭像
            avatar=request.FILES.get('avatar')
            if avatar:
                #因為用的是FileField，只需要把文件對象賦值給avatar欄位，自動做保存
                clean_data['avatar']=avatar
            user=models.UserInfo.objects.create_user(**clean_data)
            if user:
                response['msg'] = '創建成功'
            else:
                response['code'] = 103
                # 把校驗不通過的數據返回
                response['msg'] = '創建失敗'
        else:
            response['code']=101
            #把校驗不通過的數據返回
            response['msg']=form.errors
            print(type(form.errors))
        return JsonResponse(response,safe=False)

2.網頁

常見的幾條函數的封裝

jq.html

<script src="/static/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>

bootstrap.html

<link rel="stylesheet" href='/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css'>
<script src="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

主視圖

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>註冊</title>
    {% include 'bootstrap.html' %}
</head>
<body>
<div class="container-fluid">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">

            <h1>註冊</h1>
            <form id="my_form">
                {% csrf_token %}
                {% for foo in form %}
                    <div class="form-group">
                        {#foo.auto_id   就是foo生成的input的id#}
                        <label for="{{ foo.auto_id }}">{{ foo.label }}</label>
                        {{ foo }} <span style="color: red" class="error pull-right"></span>
                    </div>

                {% endfor %}
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="id_file">頭像
                        <img src="/static/img/default.png" width="80" height="80" style="margin-left: 20px" id="id_img">
                    </label>


                    <input type="file" name="file" id="id_file" style="display: none">
                </div>
                <input type="button" class="btn btn-success" value="提交" id="id_submit">
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
{% include 'jq.html' %}
<script>
    //當該控制項發生變化，響應該事件
    $("#id_file").change(function () {
        //alert(1)
        //取到文件對象
        var file = $("#id_file")[0].files[0]
        //放到img控制項上，藉助於filereader 中間的東西，文件閱讀器
        //生成一個文件閱讀器對象賦值給filereader
        var filereader = new FileReader()
        //把文件讀到filereader對象中
        //讀文件需要時間，需要文件讀完再去操作img
        filereader.readAsDataURL(file)

        filereader.onload = function () {
            $("#id_img").attr('src', filereader.result)
        }

    })
    $("#id_submit").click(function () {

        //ajax 上傳文件


        var formdata = new FormData()
        //一個一個往裡添加，稍微複雜，用簡便方法
        // formdata.append('name',$("#id_name").val())
        // formdata.append('pwd',$("#id_pwd").val())

        //簡便方法
        //form 對象的serializeArray，它會把form中的數據包裝到一個對象中（不包含文件）
        var my_form_data = $("#my_form").serializeArray()
        //console.log(typeof my_form_data)
        //console.log(my_form_data)
        //jq的迴圈，傳兩個參數，第一個是要迴圈的對象，第二個參數是一個匿名函數
        $.each(my_form_data, function (k, v) {
            {#console.log(k)#}
            {#console.log(v)#}
            formdata.append(v.name, v.value)
        })
        formdata.append('avatar', $("#id_file")[0].files[0])


        $.ajax({
            url: '/register/',
            type: 'post',
            processData: false, //告訴jQuery不要去處理髮送的數據
            contentType: false,// 告訴jQuery不要去設置Content-Type請求頭
            data: formdata,
            success: function (data) {
                //console.log(data)
                if(data.code==100){
                    location.href='/login/'
                }else if(data.code==101){
                    $.each(data.msg,function (k,v) {
                        console.log(k)
                        console.log(v)
                        $("#id_"+k).next().html(v[0])
                        if(k=='__all__'){
                            $("#id_re_pwd").next().html(v[0])
                        }

                    })

                }
                //定時器
                setTimeout(function () {
                    $(".error").html("")
                },3000)
            }


        })
    })


</script>
</html>